Shear Strength of Gypseous Soils Enhanced by Ceramic Powder-Based Geopolymers
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Abstract
Gypseous soils are prone to loss of strength due to the dissolution of gypsum and subsequent structural collapse, especially when they are wet. As a result, it requires environmentally friendly and sustainable treatments, such as recycling building waste and utilizing it to enhance the properties of the soil. In order to improve gypseous soil, this study employed a ceramic waste powder-based geopolymer. This method offers favorable environmental and mechanical properties, working as a sustainable alternative for ordinary Portland cement. It depends on using raw materials that are high in alumina and silica. Various amounts of ceramic powder are applied to three gypseous soils with variable gypsum content (20, 30, and 53%). 6 M sodium hydroxide and a 1:2 ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate were used to prepare the alkaline activator. Direct shear tests were performed on specimens in both dry and soaked states to evaluate soil behavior under different loading conditions and to determine the shear strength parameter (cohesion C and the angle of internal friction ϕ) for treated and untreated soil. After the soil is treated with a ceramic waste powder-based geopolymer, its shear strength increases. As a binding agent, this geopolymer fills up spaces and improves soil particle cohesiveness. It has a comparable effect to cement in terms of increasing shear resistance and cohesion.
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